R: Aggregations for missing/imputed values

aggr {VIM} | R Documentation

## Aggregations for missing/imputed values

### Description

Calculate or plot the amount of missing/imputed values in each variable and the amount of missing/imputed values in certain combinations of variables.

Print method for objects of class `"aggr"`.

Summary method for objects of class `"aggr"`.

### Usage

    aggr(x, delimiter = NULL, plot = TRUE, ...)

    ## S3 method for class 'aggr'
    plot(x, col = c("skyblue", "red", "orange"), bars = TRUE,
      numbers = FALSE, prop = TRUE, combined = FALSE, varheight = FALSE,
      only.miss = FALSE, border = par("fg"), sortVars = FALSE,
      sortCombs = TRUE, ylabs = NULL, axes = TRUE, labels = axes,
      cex.lab = 1.2, cex.axis = par("cex"), cex.numbers = par("cex"),
      gap = 4, ...)

    ## S3 method for class 'aggr'
    print(x, digits = NULL, ...)

    ## S3 method for class 'aggr'
    summary(object, ...)

### Arguments

`x` | a vector, matrix or `data.frame`.
`delimiter` | a character-vector to distinguish between variables and imputation-indices for imputed variables (therefore, `x` needs to have `colnames`). If given, it is used to determine the corresponding imputation-index for any imputed variable (a logical-vector indicating which values of the variable have been imputed). If such imputation-indices are found, they are used for highlighting and the colors are adjusted according to the given colors for imputed variables (see `col`).
`plot` | a logical indicating whether the results should be plotted (the default is `TRUE`).
`...` | for `aggr` and `TKRaggr`, further arguments and graphical parameters to be passed to `plot.aggr`. For `plot.aggr`, further graphical parameters to be passed down. `par("oma")` will be set appropriately unless supplied (see `par`).
`col` | a vector of length three giving the colors to be used for observed, missing and imputed data. If only one color is supplied, it is used for missing and imputed data and observed data is transparent. If only two colors are supplied, the first one is used for observed data and the second color is used for missing and imputed data.
`bars` | a logical indicating whether a small barplot for the frequencies of the different combinations should be drawn.
`numbers` | a logical indicating whether the proportion or frequencies of the different combinations should be represented by numbers.
`prop` | a logical indicating whether the proportion of missing/imputed values and combinations should be used rather than the total amount.
`combined` | a logical indicating whether the two plots should be combined. If `FALSE`, a separate barplot on the left hand side shows the amount of missing/imputed values in each variable. If `TRUE`, a small version of this barplot is drawn on top of the plot for the combinations of missing/imputed and non-missing values. See “Details” for more information.
`varheight` | a logical indicating whether the cell heights are given by the frequencies of occurrence of the corresponding combinations.
`only.miss` | a logical indicating whether the small barplot for the frequencies of the combinations should only be drawn for combinations including missing/imputed values (if `bars` is `TRUE`). This is useful if most observations are complete, in which case the corresponding bar would dominate the barplot such that the remaining bars are too compressed. The proportion or frequency of complete observations (as determined by `prop`) is then represented by a number instead of a bar.
`border` | the color to be used for the border of the bars and rectangles. Use `border=NA` to omit borders.
`sortVars` | a logical indicating whether the variables should be sorted by the number of missing/imputed values.
`sortCombs` | a logical indicating whether the combinations should be sorted by the frequency of occurrence.
`ylabs` | if `combined` is `TRUE`, a character string giving the y-axis label of the combined plot, otherwise a character vector of length two giving the y-axis labels for the two plots.
`axes` | a logical indicating whether axes should be drawn.
`labels` | either a logical indicating whether labels should be plotted on the x-axis, or a character vector giving the labels.
`cex.lab` | the character expansion factor to be used for the axis labels.
`cex.axis` | the character expansion factor to be used for the axis annotation.
`cex.numbers` | the character expansion factor to be used for the proportion or frequencies of the different combinations
`gap` | if `combined` is `FALSE`, a numeric value giving the distance between the two plots in margin lines.
`digits` | the minimum number of significant digits to be used (see `print.default`).
`object` | an object of class `"aggr"`.

### Details

Often it is of interest how many missing/imputed values are contained in each variable. Even more interesting, there may be certain combinations of variables with a high number of missing/imputed values.

If `combined` is `FALSE`, two separate plots are drawn for the missing/imputed values in each variable and the combinations of missing/imputed and non-missing values. The barplot on the left hand side shows the amount of missing/imputed values in each variable. In the aggregation plot on the right hand side, all existing combinations of missing/imputed and non-missing values in the observations are visualized. Available, missing and imputed data are color coded as given by `col`. Additionally, there are two possibilities to represent the frequencies of occurrence of the different combinations. The first option is to visualize the proportions or frequencies by a small bar plot and/or numbers. The second option is to let the cell heights be given by the frequencies of the corresponding combinations. Furthermore, variables may be sorted by the number of missing/imputed values and combinations by the frequency of occurrence to give more power to finding the structure of missing/imputed values.

If `combined` is `TRUE`, a small version of the barplot showing the amount of missing/imputed values in each variable is drawn on top of the aggregation plot.

The graphical parameter `oma` will be set unless supplied as an argument.

### Value

for `aggr`, a list of class `"aggr"` containing the following components: - x the data used. - combinations a character vector representing the combinations of variables. - count the frequencies of these combinations. - percent the percentage of these combinations. - missings a `data.frame` containing the amount of missing/imputed values in each variable. - tabcomb the indicator matrix for the combinations of variables.

a list of class `"summary.aggr"` containing the following components: - missings a `data.frame` containing the amount of missing or imputed values in each variable. - combinations a `data.frame` containing a character vector representing the combinations of variables along with their frequencies and percentages.

### Note

Some of the argument names and positions have changed with version 1.3 due to extended functionality and for more consistency with other plot functions in `VIM`. For back compatibility, the arguments `labs` and `names.arg` can still be supplied to `...{}` and are handled correctly. Nevertheless, they are deprecated and no longer documented. Use `ylabs` and `labels` instead.

### Author(s)

Andreas Alfons, Matthias Templ, modifications for displaying imputed values by Bernd Prantner

Matthias Templ, modifications by Andreas Alfons and Bernd Prantner

Matthias Templ, modifications by Andreas Alfons

### References

M. Templ, A. Alfons, P. Filzmoser (2012) Exploring incomplete data using visualization tools. Journal of Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Online first. DOI: 10.1007/s11634-011-0102-y.

### See Also

`print.aggr`, `summary.aggr`

`aggr`

`print.summary.aggr`, `aggr`

### Examples

    data(sleep, package="VIM")
    ## for missing values
    a <- aggr(sleep)
    a
    summary(a)

    ## for imputed values
    sleep_IMPUTED <- kNN(sleep)
    a <- aggr(sleep_IMPUTED, delimiter="_imp")
    a
    summary(a)

    data(sleep, package = "VIM")
    a <- aggr(sleep, plot=FALSE)
    a

    data(sleep, package = "VIM")
    summary(aggr(sleep, plot=FALSE))

[Package VIM version 4.8.0 Index]