R: Occupational Mobility in Three Countries

Yamaguchi87 {vcdExtra} | R Documentation

## Occupational Mobility in Three Countries

### Description

Yamaguchi (1987) presented this three-way frequency table, cross-classifying occupational categories of sons and fathers in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan. This data set has become a classic for models comparing two-way mobility tables across layers corresponding to countries, groups or time (e.g., Goodman and Hout, 1998; Xie, 1992).

The US data were derived from the 1973 OCG-II survey; those for the UK from the 1972 Oxford Social Mobility Survey; those for Japan came from the 1975 Social Stratification and Mobility survey. They pertain to men aged 20-64.

### Usage

    data(Yamaguchi87)

### Format

A frequency data frame with 75 observations on the following 4 variables. The total sample size is 28887.

`Son`

  a factor with levels `UpNM` `LoNM` `UpM` `LoM` `Farm`

`Father`

  a factor with levels `UpNM` `LoNM` `UpM` `LoM` `Farm`

`Country`

  a factor with levels `US` `UK` `Japan`

`Freq`

  a numeric vector

### Details

Five status categories – upper and lower nonmanuals (`UpNM`, `LoNM`), upper and lower manuals (`UpM`, `LoM`), and `Farm`) are used for both fathers' occupations and sons' occupations.

Upper nonmanuals are professionals, managers, and officials; lower nonmanuals are proprietors, sales workers, and clerical workers; upper manuals are skilled workers; lower manuals are semi-skilled and unskilled nonfarm workers; and farm workers are farmers and farm laborers.

Some of the models from Xie (1992), Table 1, are fit in `demo(yamaguchi-xie)`.

### Source

Yamaguchi, K. (1987). Models for comparing mobility tables: toward parsimony and substance, American Sociological Review, vol. 52 (Aug.), 482-494, Table 1

### References

Goodman, L. A. and Hout, M. (1998). Statistical Methods and Graphical Displays for Analyzing How the Association Between Two Qualitative Variables Differs Among Countries, Among Groups, Or Over Time: A Modified Regression-Type Approach. Sociological Methodology, 28 (1), 175-230.

Xie, Yu (1992). The log-multiplicative layer effect model for comparing mobility tables. American Sociological Review, 57 (June), 380-395.

### Examples

    data(Yamaguchi87)
    # reproduce Table 1
    structable(~ Father + Son + Country, Yamaguchi87)
    # create table form
    Yama.tab <- xtabs(Freq ~ Son + Father + Country, data=Yamaguchi87)

    # define mosaic labeling_args for convenient reuse in 3-way displays
    largs <- list(rot_labels=c(right=0), offset_varnames = c(right = 0.6),
                  offset_labels = c(right = 0.2),
                  set_varnames = c(Son="Son's status", Father="Father's status")
                 )

    ###################################
    # Fit some models & display mosaics

    # Mutual independence
    yama.indep <- glm(Freq ~ Son + Father + Country, data=Yamaguchi87, family=poisson)
    anova(yama.indep)

    mosaic(yama.indep, ~Son+Father, main="[S][F] ignoring country")
    mosaic(yama.indep, ~Country + Son + Father, condvars="Country",
           labeling_args=largs,
           main='[S][F][C] Mutual independence')

    # no association between S and F given country ('perfect mobility')
    # asserts same associations for all countries
    yama.noRC <- glm(Freq ~ (Son + Father) * Country, data=Yamaguchi87, family=poisson)
    anova(yama.noRC)
    mosaic(yama.noRC, ~~Country + Son + Father, condvars="Country",
           labeling_args=largs,
           main="[SC][FC] No [SF] (perfect mobility)")

    # ignore diagonal cells
    yama.quasi <- update(yama.noRC, ~ . + Diag(Son,Father):Country)
    anova(yama.quasi)
    mosaic(yama.quasi, ~Son+Father, main="Quasi [S][F]")

    ## see also:
    # demo(yamaguchi-xie)
    ##

[Package vcdExtra version 0.7-1 Index]