MCMCbinaryChange {MCMCpack} | R Documentation

## Markov Chain Monte Carlo for a Binary Multiple Changepoint Model

### Description

This function generates a sample from the posterior distribution of a binary model with multiple changepoints. The function uses the Markov chain Monte Carlo method of Chib (1998). The user supplies data and priors, and a sample from the posterior distribution is returned as an mcmc object, which can be subsequently analyzed with functions provided in the coda package.

### Usage

    MCMCbinaryChange(
      data,
      m = 1,
      c0 = 1,
      d0 = 1,
      a = NULL,
      b = NULL,
      burnin = 10000,
      mcmc = 10000,
      thin = 1,
      verbose = 0,
      seed = NA,
      phi.start = NA,
      P.start = NA,
      marginal.likelihood = c("none", "Chib95"),
      ...
    )

### Arguments

`data` | The data.
`m` | The number of changepoints.
`c0` | c_0 is the shape1 parameter for Beta prior on φ (the mean).
`d0` | d_0 is the shape2 parameter for Beta prior on φ (the mean).
`a` | a is the shape1 beta prior for transition probabilities. By default, the expected duration is computed and corresponding a and b values are assigned. The expected duration is the sample period divided by the number of states.
`b` | b is the shape2 beta prior for transition probabilities. By default, the expected duration is computed and corresponding a and b values are assigned. The expected duration is the sample period divided by the number of states.
`burnin` | The number of burn-in iterations for the sampler.
`mcmc` | The number of MCMC iterations after burn-in.
`thin` | The thinning interval used in the simulation. The number of MCMC iterations must be divisible by this value.
`verbose` | A switch which determines whether or not the progress of the sampler is printed to the screen. If `verbose` is greater than 0, the iteration number and the posterior density samples are printed to the screen every `verbose`th iteration.
`seed` | The seed for the random number generator. If NA, current R system seed is used.
`phi.start` | The starting values for the mean. The default value of NA will use draws from the Uniform distribution.
`P.start` | The starting values for the transition matrix. A user should provide a square matrix with dimension equal to the number of states. By default, draws from the `Beta(0.9, 0.1)` are used to construct a proper transition matrix for each raw except the last raw.
`marginal.likelihood` | How should the marginal likelihood be calculated? Options are: `none` in which case the marginal likelihood will not be calculated, and `Chib95` in which case the method of Chib (1995) is used.
`...` | further arguments to be passed

### Details

`MCMCbinaryChange` simulates from the posterior distribution of a binary model with multiple changepoints.

The model takes the following form:

Y_t \sim \mathcal{B}ernoulli(φ_i),\;\; i = 1, …, k

Where k is the number of states.

We assume Beta priors for φ_{i} and for transition probabilities:

φ_i \sim \mathcal{B}eta(c_0, d_0)

And:

p_{mm} \sim \mathcal{B}eta{a}{b},\;\; m = 1, …, k

Where M is the number of states.

### Value

An mcmc object that contains the posterior sample. This object can be summarized by functions provided by the coda package. The object contains an attribute `prob.state` storage matrix that contains the probability of state_i for each period, and the log-marginal likelihood of the model (`logmarglike`).

### References

Jong Hee Park. 2011. “Changepoint Analysis of Binary and Ordinal Probit Models: An Application to Bank Rate Policy Under the Interwar Gold Standard." Political Analysis. 19: 188-204. <doi:10.1093/pan/mpr007>

Andrew D. Martin, Kevin M. Quinn, and Jong Hee Park. 2011. “MCMCpack: Markov Chain Monte Carlo in R.”, Journal of Statistical Software. 42(9): 1-21. https://www.jstatsoft.org/v42/i09/.

Siddhartha Chib. 1995. “Marginal Likelihood from the Gibbs Output.” Journal of the American Statistical Association. 90: 1313-1321. <doi: 10.1080/01621459.1995.10476635>

### See Also

`MCMCpoissonChange`,`plotState`, `plotChangepoint`

### Examples

        ## Not run:
        set.seed(19173)
        true.phi<- c(0.5, 0.8, 0.4)

        ## two breaks at c(80, 180)
        y1 <- rbinom(80, 1,  true.phi[1])
        y2 <- rbinom(100, 1, true.phi[2])
        y3 <- rbinom(120, 1, true.phi[3])
        y  <- as.ts(c(y1, y2, y3))

        model0 <- MCMCbinaryChange(y, m=0, c0=2, d0=2, mcmc=100, burnin=100, verbose=50,
        	      marginal.likelihood = "Chib95")
        model1 <- MCMCbinaryChange(y, m=1, c0=2, d0=2, mcmc=100, burnin=100, verbose=50,
        	      marginal.likelihood = "Chib95")
        model2 <- MCMCbinaryChange(y, m=2, c0=2, d0=2, mcmc=100, burnin=100, verbose=50,
        	      marginal.likelihood = "Chib95")
        model3 <- MCMCbinaryChange(y, m=3, c0=2, d0=2, mcmc=100, burnin=100, verbose=50,
        	      marginal.likelihood = "Chib95")
        model4 <- MCMCbinaryChange(y, m=4, c0=2, d0=2, mcmc=100, burnin=100, verbose=50,
        	      marginal.likelihood = "Chib95")
        model5 <- MCMCbinaryChange(y, m=5, c0=2, d0=2, mcmc=100, burnin=100, verbose=50,
        	      marginal.likelihood = "Chib95")

        print(BayesFactor(model0, model1, model2, model3, model4, model5))

        ## plot two plots in one screen
        par(mfrow=c(attr(model2, "m") + 1, 1), mai=c(0.4, 0.6, 0.3, 0.05))
        plotState(model2, legend.control = c(1, 0.6))
        plotChangepoint(model2, verbose = TRUE, ylab="Density", start=1, overlay=TRUE)

    ## End(Not run)

[Package MCMCpack version 1.5-0 Index]