R: Conley VCOV

vcov_conley {fixest} | R Documentation

## Conley VCOV

### Description

Compute VCOVs robust to spatial correlation, a la Conley (1999).

### Usage

    vcov_conley(
      x,
      lat = NULL,
      lon = NULL,
      cutoff = NULL,
      pixel = 0,
      distance = "triangular",
      ssc = NULL
    )

    conley(cutoff = NULL, pixel = NULL, distance = NULL)

### Arguments

`x` | A `fixest` object.
`lat` | A character scalar or a one sided formula giving the name of the variable representing the latitude. The latitude must lie in [-90, 90], [0, 180] or [-180, 0].
`lon` | A character scalar or a one sided formula giving the name of the variable representing the longitude. The longitude must be in [-180, 180], [0, 360] or [-360, 0].
`cutoff` | The distance cutoff, in km. You can express the cutoff in miles by writing the number in character form and adding "mi" as a suffix: cutoff = "100mi" would be 100 miles. If missing, a rule of thumb is used to deduce the cutoff.
`pixel` | A positive numeric scalar, default is 0. If a positive number, the coordinates of each observation are pooled into `pixel` x `pixel` km squares. This lowers the precision but can (depending on the cases) greatly improve computational speed at a low precision cost. Note that if the `cutoff` was expressed in miles, then `pixel` will also be in miles.
`distance` | How to compute the distance between points. It can be equal to "triangular" (default) or "spherical". The latter case corresponds to the great circle distance and is more precise than triangular but is a bit more intensive computationally.
`ssc` | An object returned by the function `ssc`. It specifies how to perform the small sample correction.

### Details

This function computes VCOVs that are robust to spatial correlations by assuming a correlation between the units that are at a geographic distance lower than a given cutoff.

The kernel is uniform.

If the cutoff is not provided, an estimation of it is given. This cutoff ensures that a minimum of units lie within it and is robust to sub-sampling. This automatic cutoff is only here for convenience, the most appropriate cutoff shall depend on the application and shall be provided by the user.

The function `conley` does not compute VCOVs directly but is meant to be used in the argument `vcov` of `fixest` functions (e.g. in `vcov.fixest` or even in the estimation calls).

### Value

If the first argument is a `fixest` object, then a VCOV is returned (i.e. a symmetric matrix).

If the first argument is not a `fixest` object, then a) implicitly the arguments are shifted to the left (i.e. `vcov_conley("lat", "long")` is equivalent to `vcov_conley(lat = "lat", lon = "long")`) and b) a VCOV-request is returned and NOT a VCOV. That VCOV-request can then be used in the argument `vcov` of various `fixest` functions (e.g. `vcov.fixest` or even in the estimation calls).

### References

Conley TG (1999). "GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence", Journal of Econometrics, 92, 1-45.

### Examples

    data(quakes)

    # We use conley() in the vcov argument of the estimation
    feols(depth ~ mag, quakes, conley(100))

    # Post estimation
    est = feols(depth ~ mag, quakes)
    vcov_conley(est, cutoff = 100)

[Package fixest version 0.10.4 Index]