R: Sender effect

sender-ergmTerm {ergm} | R Documentation

## Sender effect

### Description

This term adds one network statistic for each node equal to the number of out-ties for that node. This measures the activity of the node. The term for the first node is omitted by default because of linear dependence that arises if this term is used together with `edges` , but its coefficient can be computed as the negative of the sum of the coefficients of all the other actors. That is, the average coefficient is zero, following the Holland-Leinhardt parametrization of the $p_1$ model (Holland and Leinhardt, 1981).

For undirected networks, see `sociality` .

### Usage

    # binary: sender(base=1, nodes=-1)

    # valued: sender(base=1, nodes=-1, form="sum")

### Arguments

`base` | deprecated
`nodes` | specify which nodes' statistics should be included or excluded (see Specifying Vertex attributes and Levels (`?nodal_attributes`) for details)
`form` | character how to aggregate tie values in a valued ERGM

### Note

The argument `base` is retained for backwards compatibility and may be removed in a future version. When both `base` and `nodes` are passed, `nodes` overrides `base`.

This term can only be used with directed networks.

### See Also

`ergmTerm` for index of model terms currently visible to the package.

[Package ergm version 4.2.2 Index]