R: Amounts analysed in log-scale

aplus {compositions} | R Documentation

## Amounts analysed in log-scale

### Description

A class to analyse positive amounts in a logistic framework.

### Usage

      aplus(X,parts=1:NCOL(oneOrDataset(X)),total=NA,warn.na=FALSE,
              detectionlimit=NULL,BDL=NULL,MAR=NULL,MNAR=NULL,SZ=NULL)

### Arguments

`X` | vector or dataset of positive numbers
`parts` | vector containing the indices xor names of the columns to be used
`total` | a numeric vectors giving the total amounts of each dataset.
`warn.na` | should the user be warned in case of NA,NaN or 0 coding different types of missing values?
`detectionlimit` | a number, vector or matrix of positive numbers giving the detection limit of all values, all columns or each value, respectively
`BDL` | the code for 'Below Detection Limit' in X
`SZ` | the code for 'Structural Zero' in X
`MAR` | the code for 'Missing At Random' in X
`MNAR` | the code for 'Missing Not At Random' in X

### Details

Many multivariate datasets essentially describe amounts of D different parts in a whole. When the whole is large in relation to the considered parts, such that they do not exclude each other, or when the total amount of each componenten is indeed determined by the phenomenon under investigation and not by sampling artifacts (such as dilution or sample preparation), then the parts can be treated as amounts rather than as a composition (cf. `acomp`, `rcomp`).
Like compositions, amounts have some important properties. Amounts are always positive. An amount of exactly zero essentially means that we have a substance of another quality. Different amounts - spanning different orders of magnitude - are often given in different units (ppm, ppb, g/l, vol.%, mass %, molar fraction). Often, these amounts are also taken as indicators of other non-measured components (e.g. K as indicator for potassium feldspar), which might be proportional to the measured amount. However, in contrast to compositions, amounts themselves do matter. Amounts are typically heavily skewed and in many practical cases a log-transform makes their distribution roughly symmetric, even normal.
In full analogy to Aitchison's compositions, vector space operations are introduced for amounts: the perturbation `perturbe.aplus` as a vector space addition (corresponding to change of units), the power transformation `power.aplus` as scalar multiplication describing the law of mass action, and a distance `dist` which is independent of the chosen units. The induced vector space is mapped isometrically to a classical R^D by a simple log-transformation called `ilt`, resembling classical log transform approaches.
The general approach in analysing aplus objects is thus to perform classical multivariate analysis on ilt-transformed coordinates (i.e., logs) and to backtransform or display the results in such a way that they can be interpreted in terms of the original amounts.
The class aplus is complemented by the `rplus`, allowing to analyse amounts directly as real numbers, and by the classes `acomp` and `rcomp` to analyse the same data as compositions disregarding the total amounts, focusing on relative weights only.
The classes rcomp, acomp, aplus, and rplus are designed as similar as possible in order to allow direct comparison between results achieved by the different approaches. Especially the acomp simplex transforms `clr`, `alr`, `ilr` are mirrored in the aplus class by the single bijective isometric transform `ilt`

### Value

a vector of class `"aplus"` representing a vector of amounts or a matrix of class `"aplus"` representing multiple vectors of amounts, each vector in one row.

### Missing Policy

The policy of treatment of zeroes, missing values and values below detecion limit is explained in depth in compositions.missing.

### Author(s)

Raimon Tolosana-Delgado, K.Gerald v.d. Boogaart http://www.stat.boogaart.de

### References

van den Boogaart, K.G. and R. Tolosana-Delgado (2008) "compositions": a unified R package to analyze Compositional Data, Computers & Geosciences, 34 (4), pages 320-338, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2006.11.017.

### See Also

`ilt`,`acomp`, `rplus`, `princomp.aplus`, `plot.aplus`, `boxplot.aplus`, `barplot.aplus`, `mean.aplus`, `var.aplus`, `variation.aplus`, `cov.aplus`, `msd`

### Examples

    data(SimulatedAmounts)
    plot(aplus(sa.lognormals))

[Package compositions version 1.40-3 Index]