R: Finite, Infinite and NaN Numbers

is.finite {base} | R Documentation

## Finite, Infinite and NaN Numbers

### Description

`is.finite` and `is.infinite` return a vector of the same length as `x`, indicating which elements are finite (not infinite and not missing) or infinite.

`Inf` and `-Inf` are positive and negative infinity whereas `NaN` means ‘Not a Number’. (These apply to numeric values and real and imaginary parts of complex values but not to values of integer vectors.) `Inf` and `NaN` are reserved words in the R language.

### Usage

    is.finite(x)
    is.infinite(x)
    is.nan(x)

    Inf
    NaN

### Arguments

`x` | R object to be tested: the default methods handle atomic vectors.

### Details

`is.finite` returns a vector of the same length as `x` the jth element of which is `TRUE` if `x[j]` is finite (i.e., it is not one of the values `NA`, `NaN`, `Inf` or `-Inf`) and `FALSE` otherwise. Complex numbers are finite if both the real and imaginary parts are.

`is.infinite` returns a vector of the same length as `x` the jth element of which is `TRUE` if `x[j]` is infinite (i.e., equal to one of `Inf` or `-Inf`) and `FALSE` otherwise. This will be false unless `x` is numeric or complex. Complex numbers are infinite if either the real or the imaginary part is.

`is.nan` tests if a numeric value is `NaN`. Do not test equality to `NaN`, or even use `identical`, since systems typically have many different NaN values. One of these is used for the numeric missing value `NA`, and `is.nan` is false for that value. A complex number is regarded as `NaN` if either the real or imaginary part is `NaN` but not `NA`. All elements of logical, integer and raw vectors are considered not to be NaN.

All three functions accept `NULL` as input and return a length zero result. The default methods accept character and raw vectors, and return `FALSE` for all entries. Prior to R version 2.14.0 they accepted all input, returning `FALSE` for most non-numeric values; cases which are not atomic vectors are now signalled as errors.

All three functions are generic: you can write methods to handle specific classes of objects, see InternalMethods.

### Value

A logical vector of the same length as `x`: `dim`, `dimnames` and `names` attributes are preserved.

### Note

In R, basically all mathematical functions (including basic `Arithmetic`), are supposed to work properly with `+/- Inf` and `NaN` as input or output.

The basic rule should be that calls and relations with `Inf`s really are statements with a proper mathematical limit.

Computations involving `NaN` will return `NaN` or perhaps `NA`: which of those two is not guaranteed and may depend on the R platform (since compilers may re-order computations).

### References

The IEC 60559 standard, also known as the ANSI/IEEE 754 Floating-Point Standard.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN.

D. Goldberg (1991) What Every Computer Scientist Should Know about Floating-Point Arithmetic ACM Computing Surveys, 23(1).
Postscript version available at http://www.validlab.com/goldberg/paper.ps Extended PDF version at http://www.validlab.com/goldberg/paper.pdf

The C99 function `isfinite` is used for `is.finite`.

### See Also

`NA`, ‘Not Available’ which is not a number as well, however usually used for missing values and applies to many modes, not just numeric and complex.

`Arithmetic`, `double`.

### Examples

    pi / 0 ## = Inf a non-zero number divided by zero creates infinity
    0 / 0  ## =  NaN

    1/0 + 1/0 # Inf
    1/0 - 1/0 # NaN

    stopifnot(
        1/0 == Inf,
        1/Inf == 0
    )
    sin(Inf)
    cos(Inf)
    tan(Inf)

[Package base version 3.5.1 Index]