R: Violent Crime Rates by US State

USArrests {datasets} | R Documentation

## Violent Crime Rates by US State

### Description

This data set contains statistics, in arrests per 100,000 residents for assault, murder, and rape in each of the 50 US states in 1973. Also given is the percent of the population living in urban areas.

### Usage

    USArrests

### Format

A data frame with 50 observations on 4 variables.

[,1] | Murder | numeric | Murder arrests (per 100,000)
[,2] | Assault | numeric | Assault arrests (per 100,000)
[,3] | UrbanPop | numeric | Percent urban population
[,4] | Rape | numeric | Rape arrests (per 100,000)

### Note

`USArrests` contains the data as in McNeil's monograph. For the `UrbanPop` percentages, a review of the table (No. 21) in the Statistical Abstracts 1975 reveals a transcription error for Maryland (and that McNeil used the same “round to even” rule that R's `round()` uses), as found by Daniel S Coven (Arizona).

See the example below on how to correct the error and improve accuracy for the ‘<n>.5’ percentages.

### Source

World Almanac and Book of facts 1975. (Crime rates).

Statistical Abstracts of the United States 1975, p.20, (Urban rates), possibly available as https://books.google.ch/books?id=zl9qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA20.

### References

McNeil, D. R. (1977) Interactive Data Analysis. New York: Wiley.

### See Also

The `state` data sets.

### Examples

    summary(USArrests)

    require(graphics)
    pairs(USArrests, panel = panel.smooth, main = "USArrests data")

    ## Difference between 'USArrests' and its correction
    USArrests["Maryland", "UrbanPop"] # 67 -- the transcription error
    UA.C <- USArrests
    UA.C["Maryland", "UrbanPop"] <- 76.6

    ## also +/- 0.5 to restore the original  <n>.5  percentages
    s5u <- c("Colorado", "Florida", "Mississippi", "Wyoming")
    s5d <- c("Nebraska", "Pennsylvania")
    UA.C[s5u, "UrbanPop"] <- UA.C[s5u, "UrbanPop"] + 0.5
    UA.C[s5d, "UrbanPop"] <- UA.C[s5d, "UrbanPop"] - 0.5

    ## ==> UA.C  is now a *C*orrected version of  USArrests

[Package datasets version 3.5.1 Index]